With the rapid development of facility gardening, intelligent greenhouses (usually referred to as smart greenhouses or modern greenhouses) have emerged. It is an advanced type of facility agriculture and has a comprehensive environmental control system that can directly adjust indoor temperature and light. Many factors, such as water, fertilizer, gas, etc., can achieve high-yield, steadily fine vegetables and flowers throughout the year with good economic benefits.
What is intelligent greenhouse?
Smart greenhouses are also called automated greenhouses. They are equipped with computer-controlled movable skylights, shading systems, heat preservation, wet curtains/fan cooling systems, sprinkler irrigation systems or drip irrigation systems, mobile seedbeds and other automated facilities, based on the agricultural greenhouse environment High-tech "smart" greenhouse. The control of the intelligent greenhouse generally consists of three parts: a signal acquisition system, a central computer, and a control system.
The advantage of the intelligent greenhouse is that it can realize production all year round, is not affected by the climate environment, and can realize intelligent management and control.
The smart greenhouse is equipped with a variety of climate control systems:
The external shading system can block ultraviolet rays and sunlight for the greenhouse.
The internal shading system can effectively block ultraviolet rays from entering the greenhouse, and at the same time can slow the loss of heat inside the greenhouse.
There are also facilities such as a wet curtain fan cooling system, a natural ventilation system, and an intelligent mobile sprinkler irrigation machine inside the smart greenhouse. The entire crop production process can greatly reduce the labor input and achieve efficient production.
A smart agricultural Internet of Things system is installed inside the greenhouse. This system can monitor and control various supporting systems in the greenhouse through a mobile phone and a computer, and can see the environment in the greenhouse in real time. Then it issued instructions to realize the opening and closing of the greenhouse, ventilation and cooling, supplementary lighting, soil moisture, irrigation and fertilization, etc., to provide a suitable growth environment for crops.
Main material of the PP Hydroponics Growing Trough : PP (polypropylene), and a certain proportion of PE and anti-UV agents are added.
PP English name: Polypropylene, a food packaging grade material, non-toxic, no mechanical impurities.
It is a high-density, non-side chain linear polymer with excellent comprehensive properties.
PP uses high-purity propylene as the main raw material and ethylene as the comonomer. It uses a highly active catalyst to produce polypropylene powder through a gas-phase reaction at a pressure of 62℃～80℃ and below 4.0MPa and then is dried, mixed, and extruded. Pressing, granulating, sieving, and homogenizing into polypropylene granules.
The density is 0.90 g/cm3～0.92g/cm3, which is one of the lightest general-purpose plastic materials.
Polypropylene resin has excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance, as well as excellent chemical stability.
It does not absorb water, has no effect on contact with most chemicals, and is corrosion-resistant.
Adding a certain proportion of PE (polyethylene) is mainly to increase the toughness of the PP Growing Trough For Tomato.
The main purpose of adding anti-UV agents is to increase the aging performance of the PP trough.
The thickness of the PP Coconut chaff trough drainage collection system is about 0.75mm, and the middle width and the height of both sides are produced according to requirements.
During the installation and operation of the PP trough, the ambient temperature is generally required to be above 15℃, and the normal use temperature range after installation is 0℃～75℃.
The normal service life of the pp trough is 5 years (without external damage factors).
Smart agriculture is an important manifestation of agricultural modernization and one of the development directions of modern agriculture. It is a huge monitoring, analysis, decision-making and service system of modern agriculture. Smart agriculture is the application of Internet of Things technology to traditional agriculture, using sensors and software to control agricultural production through mobile or computer platforms, making traditional agriculture more “smart”. In a broad sense, smart agriculture also includes agricultural e-commerce, food traceability and anti-counterfeiting, agricultural leisure tourism, and agricultural information services.
Smart agriculture is an advanced stage of agricultural production. It integrates emerging Internet, mobile Internet, cloud computing and Internet of Things technologies. It relies on various sensor nodes (environmental temperature and humidity, soil moisture, carbon dioxide, image Etc.) and wireless communication networks to realize the intelligent perception, intelligent early warning, intelligent decision-making, intelligent analysis, and online guidance of experts in the agricultural production environment, and provide accurate planting, visual management, and intelligent decision-making for agricultural production.
1. Types and characteristics of horticultural ground cloth
Gardening ground cloth is a kind of cloth-like material woven from UV-resistant PP (polypropylene) flat yarn. According to its color, it can be divided into black and white. According to its use environment, it can be divided into two types: internal use and external use. kind. The main characteristics of the horticultural ground cloth is to have a certain woven structure (to ensure its water permeability) and color (non-transparent), and the material should have a certain degree of wear resistance, UV resistance and mildew resistance. For outdoor ground cloth , Its strength should also be able to prevent insects and small and medium-sized animals.
2. The role of horticultural ground cloth
2.1 Prevent weeds on the ground. Because the ground cloth can prevent the direct sunlight on the ground (especially the black ground cloth), and at the same time, the strong structure of the ground cloth itself prevents weeds from passing through the ground cloth, thus ensuring the inhibitory effect of the ground cloth on the growth of weeds.
2.2 Remove water on the ground in time and keep the ground clean. The drainage performance of the ground cloth guarantees the rapid drainage of water on the ground, and the pebble layer and middle sand layer under the ground cloth can effectively inhibit the infiltration of soil particles, thus ensuring the cleanliness of the ground cloth surface.
2.3 Conducive to the growth of plant roots and prevent root rot. This effect also originates from the woven laying structure of the ground cloth, which can ensure that no water is generated in the roots of the crops, so that the air at the roots has a certain fluidity, thereby preventing root rot.
2.4 Prevent the extra growth of the roots of potted flowers and improve the quality of potted flowers. When the potted flowers are produced on the ground cloth, the ground cloth can prevent the roots of the crops in the pot from passing through the bottom of the pot and digging into the ground, so as to ensure the quality of the potted flowers.
2.5 Conducive to cultivation management: most of the ground cloth is woven with one-way or two-way marking lines. When placing flower pots or arranging cultivation substrates in the greenhouse or outdoors, you can accurately arrange them according to these marking lines.
1. Greenhouse location
It is very important to select the location of greenhouse. When selecting the location, we should try to choose the flat plot. The groundwater level should not be too high. We should avoid the mountains and buildings that block the light. For the users of planting and breeding, we can not build the greenhouse in the polluted places. In addition, the wind resistance of the selected greenhouse should be considered in areas with strong monsoon. In general, the wind resistance of greenhouse should be above grade 8.
2. Orientation of greenhouse
It is suggested to choose the north-south direction of the greenhouse, that is, the mountain wall of the greenhouse is on the north and south sides, which can make the crops in the greenhouse distribute uniform light. The light transmittance in the north-south direction was 5% - 7% more than that in the east-west direction, the light distribution was uniform, and the temperature change in the greenhouse during the day was gentle. Therefore, greenhouses tend to be north-south
3. Greenhouse steel
Hot dip galvanized steel pipe is commonly used in greenhouse steel. Hot dip galvanized steel pipe is firstly pickled. In order to remove iron oxide on the surface of steel pipe, after pickling, it is cleaned in the tank with ammonium chloride or zinc chloride solution or mixed solution of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride, and then sent into the hot dip tank. Hot dip galvanizing has the advantages of uniform coating, strong adhesion, long service life and strong corrosion resistance.
4. Greenhouse covering film
PE film and Po film are commonly used. The owner who has higher requirements for drip can choose Po film. The anti drip function of Po film is consistent with the life of the film. The anti dripping function of PE film is chemical additive, which will gradually weaken after one year. The owner can also choose the film with scattering or high transmittance according to the needs.
Ebb and flow system is a kind of bottom irrigation method designed for containers or matrix blocks such as flowerpots and trays, which is suitable for fruit and vegetable seedling and cultivation.
It is mainly composed of cultivation bed, nutrient solution circulation part (supply and return pipeline, nutrient solution storage pool, circulating water pump, disinfection equipment, etc.), control part and plant cultivation carrier (substrate block or cultivation container).
When the tidal irrigation system is running, the nutrient solution overflows from the water inlet of the cultivation bed (called “rising tide”). When the liquid level reaches a certain height, the nutrient solution infiltrates the substrate from the bottom of the container and is absorbed by the capillary action of the substrate for the cultivation crops to absorb and use. When the irrigation is completed, the nutrient solution is discharged from the backwater outlet of the cultivation bed (called “ebb tide”)
We recommend to use flat cultivation rather than A frame for NFT lettuce hydroponic in greenhouse. There are several reasons why more people choose flat cultivation:
1. The number (yield) of planting slots is actually similar. For example, for one span, you can put 48 cultivation pipes with A frame, 45 cultivation pipes with flat cultivation. Not much difference in quantity. But the price for A frame is much more expensive than flat cultivation.
2. The yield of flat cultivation is relatively stable, and the influence of light is relatively small. But for the A frame, If there is not enough light in the area, the lettuce on the lower level will not get enough light and will not grow well.
3. More convenient installation and lower transportation cost for NFT lettuce flat cultivation.
4. It is more convenient for growing and harvest with flat cultivation in the greenhouse.
1. Control and regulation of temperature in greenhouse
The control of temperature in greenhouse should follow the principle of "high in early stage, low in late stage". In the early stage, the temperature was controlled at about 30 ℃ in the daytime and about 15C at night; During budding stage and flowering stage, the temperature was controlled at 25C in daytime and 10 ℃ at night; During the fruiting period and harvest period, the temperature was controlled at about 23C in the daytime and 7C at night. If there is continuous haze in the middle, we should pay attention to the measures of artificial heating.
2. Humidity control in greenhouse
At noon, the greenhouse needs ventilation; In case of snowy weather, greenhouse ventilation can be adopted at noon to remove moisture, and the depth of shed should be kept below 80%.
3. Treatment of mulching film and gibberellin
The black film is suitable for covering, which can increase temperature and decrease humidity. A small amount of gibberellin can be applied when strawberry plants produce two new leaves and budding stage to prevent the plants from entering dormancy. Usage and dosage of gibberellin:
The concentration was 5 ~ 10mg / L, 5ml / plant.
4. Water and fertilizer management during plant growth
After the plant growth is stable, pay attention to keep the soil matrix moist, pay attention not to water. The plants in fruiting and flowering stages need more nutrients, so topdressing can be applied properly. The usage and dosage of topdressing: n, P, K compound fertilizer 10kg / hm2, 0.4kg/plant; The fertilizer can be dissolved in water for irrigation.
5. Summary
Based on the growth habits of strawberry, it is very suitable for overwintering cultivation in greenhouse, effectively avoid the phenomenon of low temperature dormancy, improve the production efficiency of strawberry in greenhouse, so as to meet the market demand.
Applying too much ammonium nitrogen fertilizer at one time will reduce the effect of certain bacteria and cause local acidity in the soil. When the PH value is less than 5, nitrous acid gas is produced, which can cause white spots on the vegetable leaves, and serious whole leaves become white and dead. It is often misdiagnosed as powdery mildew. Vegetables that are sensitive to nitrous gas include eggplant, cucumber, zucchini, and celery. , Pepper, etc.
If the quality of the agricultural film or mulch film is poor, or there is mulch film residue in the ground, it is exposed to the sun, and under the high temperature conditions inside the greenhouse, it is easy to volatilize and produce harmful gases such as ethylene and chlorine. When the concentration reaches a certain level, the vegetable leaf margins or veins will turn yellow, and then turn white. In severe cases, the whole plant will die. It is often misdiagnosed as bacterial keratoderma, which is particularly harmful to cucumbers. In addition, heating in winter is heating up, and if the fuel is not burned sufficiently, toxic gases will be generated, and if the ventilation is not timely, too much carbon dioxide will accumulate. Affect vegetable production.
Two, prevention:
The organic fertilizer used in the greenhouse must be fermented and decomposed, the chemical fertilizer must be high-quality, and urea should be mixed with calcium superphosphate. The base fertilizer should be applied 20 cm deep, and the topdressing chemical fertilizer should be about 12 cm deep, and water in time after application.
In sunny and warm weather, ventilation and ventilation should be combined with temperature adjustment, and ventilation and ventilation should be properly conducted in rainy and snowy weather.
As an important element of crop growth, light has always been the focus of attention of growers when considering key elements such as yield and quality. Many discussions in the industry include how to maximize the use of natural light, how to work hard from the top of the greenhouse glass to make crops more efficient in light use, and whether there are better use and combination of curtains, etc., are all around this topic, all for the sake of Provide the best growing conditions for crops.
This article will explain from which angles in the greenhouse can be considered to optimize the lighting conditions to maximize the light received by the crops.
In order to achieve the best and most favorable light conditions, you first need to focus on the development of your own greenhouse, analyze what kind of investment is the most ideal, and also need to consider the greenhouse itself and those that can be optimized and improved.
The first point that needs to be considered is how to maximize the use of the basic natural conditions in the greenhouse, that is, natural light. Optimum use of the gifts from nature is the first step of development in accordance with local conditions, so as to achieve more energy into the greenhouse under the most self-contained situation.
In addition to a good understanding of the local basic climate conditions, for the construction conditions of the greenhouse itself, if you want to increase the degree of light entering the greenhouse, you can think from the following aspects:
Different covering materials and coatings:
The use of this kind of covering products on the top of the greenhouse can effectively help the sunlight to be more evenly distributed in the greenhouse, not only on the horizontal surface, but also on the vertical surface, that is, reducing the light density on the top of the plant, so that the plant The light exposure at the bottom can also be increased, allowing crops to absorb energy in a more balanced manner for photosynthesis. Of course, in view of the different local climate and the relevant characteristics of the crops, there are coatings that can help isolate more excess heat inside the greenhouse in summer and prevent crops from high temperature or burns.
Optimization of the use of the curtain to maximize the entry of light:
As an indispensable part of greenhouse construction, screens can be installed, selected and used in combination, and growers can also work hard to achieve the optimal plan design for crop growth in the greenhouse, especially in the face of the changing seasons of the greenhouse. Challenges of different temperatures, humidity and radiation levels inside and outside. In recent years, various screen manufacturers have also invested a lot of energy in the research and development of the material of the screen, and strive to bring more convenience and combination advantages to the growers in the realization of the material and structure of the screen.
Clean up floating dust and green algae on the roof. In addition, in winter, the importance of light for crops in the greenhouse will be more prominent. Because the total amount of natural light is already very limited, it will become more difficult to collect enough light for crops from nature. At this time, the use of fill light is a natural choice.